/* ==========================================================================
   Acta journal family — interface system
   Visual language of a scholarly research platform: white ground, system
   sans, one action blue, neutral 1px rules, gray bands, tabbed navigation with
   a single underline indicator, and serif document titles.
   Per-journal accent (--accent and friends) is injected as an inline :root
   block by the build; it is used for the wordmark, small labels and dots only.
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
  /* Text */
  --ink: #1f1f1f;
  --ink-2: #2e2e2e;
  --body: #3f3f3f;
  --muted: #666666;
  --faint: #8a8a8a;

  /* Surfaces */
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --band: #f5f5f5;
  --band-soft: #fafafa;

  /* Rules */
  --rule: #e3e3e3;
  --rule-strong: #cfcfcf;
  --rule-dark: #a9a9a9;

  /* Action */
  --blue: #0472b1;
  --blue-dark: #035b8d;
  --blue-soft: #eaf3f9;

  /* Product accent */
  --orange: #eb6500;

  /* Journal accent (overridden per journal) */
  --accent: #8a2438;
  --accent-deep: #6d1a2b;
  --accent-soft: #f8edef;
  --accent-tint: #d9b0b8;

  /* Type */
  --sans: "Inter", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto,
    "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, "Book Antiqua",
    Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --mono: "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace;

  --container: 1296px;
  --pad: 24px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Base
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
  }
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--body);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

body.no-scroll {
  overflow: hidden;
}

img,
svg {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
p,
ul,
ol,
dl,
figure,
blockquote,
table {
  margin-top: 0;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

a {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--blue-dark);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.16em;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}

button,
input,
select,
textarea {
  font: inherit;
  color: inherit;
}

button {
  cursor: pointer;
}

button,
a {
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}

:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--blue);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

::selection {
  background: var(--blue-soft);
  color: var(--ink);
}

[hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 500;
  top: 10px;
  left: 10px;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blue);
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  transform: translateY(-200%);
  transition: transform 0.15s ease;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .skip-link {
    transition: none;
  }
}

.container {
  width: min(calc(100% - (var(--pad) * 2)), var(--container));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.container--narrow {
  width: min(calc(100% - (var(--pad) * 2)), 960px);
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.icon {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  flex: none;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.6;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

[id] {
  scroll-margin-top: 84px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Type: labels, links, prose
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* Small journal label. Accent is a text colour here, by design. */
.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.eyebrow--plain {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.eyebrow--light {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.lede {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Text link: blue, no icon chrome, chevron on demand. */
.link-arrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 5px;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.link-arrow::after {
  content: "\203A";
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1;
  transform: translateY(1px);
}

.link-arrow:hover {
  color: var(--blue-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.16em;
}

.row-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px 20px;
  margin: 22px 0 0;
}

.form-note {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Buttons
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  min-height: 40px;
  padding: 0 18px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-align: center;
  transition: background-color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}

.btn:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.btn--primary {
  border-color: var(--blue);
  background: var(--blue);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.btn--primary:hover {
  border-color: var(--blue-dark);
  background: var(--blue-dark);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.btn--outline {
  border-color: var(--rule-strong);
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink-2);
}

.btn--outline:hover {
  border-color: var(--blue);
  color: var(--blue);
}

.btn--quiet {
  border-color: var(--rule);
  background: var(--band);
  color: var(--ink-2);
}

.btn--quiet:hover {
  border-color: var(--rule-strong);
  background: #eeeeee;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.btn--sm {
  min-height: 34px;
  padding: 0 14px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.btn--lg {
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 0 22px;
  font-size: 15.5px;
}

.btn--wide {
  width: 100%;
}

.btn .icon {
  width: 15px;
  height: 15px;
}

.status-dot {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  margin-right: 7px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  vertical-align: 1px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Masthead
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.global-header {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 60;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper);
}

.global-header__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 28px;
  min-height: 72px;
}

.mast-brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  min-width: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.mast-brand:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.mast-logo {
  width: auto;
  height: 34px;
  flex: none;
}

.mast-text {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.mast-name {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.mast-sub {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.mast-cn {
  color: var(--muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.global-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  flex: none;
}

.global-icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.global-icon:hover {
  border-color: var(--rule);
  background: var(--band-soft);
  color: var(--ink-2);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.global-icon svg {
  width: 19px;
  height: 19px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.5;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.lang-switch {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 36px;
  padding: 0 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 2px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.lang-switch:hover {
  border-color: var(--rule-strong);
  background: var(--band-soft);
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Primary tabs (site navigation)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.site-nav {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 55;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
}

.site-nav.is-stuck {
  border-bottom-color: var(--rule-strong);
}

.nav-inner {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  min-height: 54px;
}

.nav-list {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.nav-list > li {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.nav-link,
.nav-menu-button {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  height: 100%;
  padding: 0 16px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.3;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Tab indicator: one underline only, drawn by the tab itself. */
.nav-link::after,
.nav-menu-button::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 16px;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: 16px;
  height: 2px;
  background: transparent;
}

.nav-link:hover,
.nav-menu-button:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-link:hover::after,
.nav-menu-button:hover::after {
  background: var(--rule-dark);
}

.nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-link,
.nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-menu-button {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-link::after,
.nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-menu-button::after {
  background: var(--ink-2);
}

.nav-menu-button .chevron {
  width: 9px;
  height: 9px;
  stroke-width: 1.6;
}

.nav-sub {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 70;
  min-width: 360px;
  padding: 6px 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: opacity 0.12s ease, visibility 0.12s;
}

.has-menu:hover > .nav-sub,
.has-menu:focus-within > .nav-sub,
.has-menu.menu-open > .nav-sub {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

.nav-sub a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 9px 16px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.nav-sub a:hover {
  background: var(--band);
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-sub a span {
  flex: none;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.nav-tools {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.nav-guide {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 6px 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.bars {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
  width: 17px;
}

.bars span {
  display: block;
  height: 1.5px;
  background: currentColor;
  transition: transform 0.18s ease, opacity 0.18s ease;
}

.nav-open .bars span:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(5.5px) rotate(45deg);
}

.nav-open .bars span:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.nav-open .bars span:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-5.5px) rotate(-45deg);
}

.nav-mobile-title {
  display: none;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Page hero (journal home / family catalog)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.jhero {
  padding: 46px 0 8px;
  background: var(--paper);
}

.jhero__title {
  max-width: 880px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.4vw, 40px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.15;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.jhero__title em {
  font-style: italic;
}

.jhero__lede {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 18px 0 0;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 17.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.jhero__actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px 24px;
  margin-top: 26px;
}

.jhero__note {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 18px 0 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Section furniture
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.section {
  padding: 44px 0;
}

.section--catalog {
  padding-top: 36px;
}

.section-bar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.section-bar__title {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.section-bar .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.section-intro {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: -6px 0 26px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

/* Neutral gray band, used to section the page. */
.band {
  background: var(--band);
  padding: 40px 0;
}

.band--quiet {
  background: var(--band-soft);
}

.band__split {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.45fr) minmax(0, 0.55fr);
  gap: 64px;
  align-items: start;
}

.band__title {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.band__text {
  max-width: 68ch;
  margin: 12px 0 0;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.band__more {
  margin: 16px 0 0;
}

.band .section-bar {
  border-bottom: 0;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
}

/* Definition facts */
.facts {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.facts > div {
  padding: 12px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.band .facts > div {
  border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc;
}

.facts > div:first-child {
  padding-top: 0;
}

.facts > div:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.facts dt {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.facts dd {
  margin: 3px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.facts--3,
.status-list {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 32px;
}

.facts--3 > div {
  padding: 14px 0 0;
  border-bottom: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.facts--3 > div:first-child {
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.band .facts--3 > div {
  border-top-color: #dcdcdc;
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.facts--3 dd {
  font-size: 19px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Scope cells (discipline columns)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.scope-band {
  padding: 34px 0 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-top: 38px;
}

.cells-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 36px;
}

.scope-cell {
  padding: 2px 0 21px;
}

.scope-cell h3 {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.scope-cell h3 a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.scope-cell p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Journal home: three-column browse
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.browse {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-top: 26px;
  padding: 36px 0 40px;
}

.browse__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 248px minmax(0, 1fr) 288px;
  gap: 56px;
  align-items: start;
}

.browse-links__title {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.browse-links ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.browse-links li + li {
  margin-top: 9px;
}

.browse-links a {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.browse-main__title {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 26px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.browse-main__lede {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.browse-main p {
  max-width: 72ch;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.browse-main__label {
  margin: 24px 0 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.browse-main__more {
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.scope-topics {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  max-width: 72ch;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.scope-topics li {
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.scope-topics li::after {
  content: "\00B7";
  margin: 0 9px;
  color: var(--rule-dark);
}

.scope-topics li:last-child::after {
  content: none;
}

/* Current issue column */
.browse-issue {
  padding-top: 2px;
}

.browse-issue__title {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.browse-issue__cover {
  display: block;
  width: 132px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.browse-issue__cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.browse-issue__cover:hover {
  border-color: var(--rule-strong);
}

.browse-issue .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 12.5px;
}

.browse-issue__name {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.browse-issue__name a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.browse-issue__name a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.browse-issue__meta {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.browse-issue__status {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 13.5px;
}

.browse-issue__themes {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 12px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  list-style: none;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.browse-issue__themes li {
  padding: 2px 0;
}

.browse-issue__more {
  margin: 14px 0 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Journal home: authors row
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.authors-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(0, 0.96fr) minmax(0, 0.96fr);
  gap: 40px;
  align-items: start;
}

.authors-col__lede {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.authors-col p {
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.panel {
  padding: 22px 24px 24px;
  background: var(--band);
}

.panel__title {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.panel__text {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.panel .row-actions {
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.list-panel {
  padding: 22px 24px 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper);
}

.list-panel__title {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.check-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.check-list li {
  padding: 9px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.check-list li:first-child {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.list-panel__more {
  margin: 16px 0 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Journal home: status rows
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.news-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.news-body,
.band__copy {
  min-width: 0;
}

.news-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
  padding: 20px 0 22px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.news-date {
  margin: 2px 0 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.news-title {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.news-title a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.news-excerpt {
  max-width: 78ch;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.news-item .link-arrow {
  font-size: 14px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Call to action
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.cta {
  background: var(--band);
  padding: 40px 0;
}

.cta__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 56px;
}

.cta__copy {
  max-width: 720px;
}

.cta__title {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 25px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.cta__text {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.cta__note {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.cta__actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  flex: none;
  padding-top: 4px;
}

.cta .btn--outline {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--rule-dark);
}

.cta .btn--outline:hover {
  border-color: var(--blue);
  background: var(--paper);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Footer
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--orange);
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--muted);
}

.footer-main {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 1.5fr) repeat(3, minmax(150px, 0.85fr));
  gap: 48px;
  padding: 42px 0 34px;
}

.footer-brand {
  max-width: 360px;
}

.footer-logo {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.footer-logo:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-logo-mark {
  width: auto;
  height: 30px;
  flex: none;
}

.footer-cn {
  margin: 10px 0 8px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
}

.footer-about {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.footer-about a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.footer-contact {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.footer-contact strong {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.footer-status {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 6px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
}

.footer-col h2 {
  margin: 2px 0 14px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.footer-col ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.footer-col li + li {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.footer-col a {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.footer-bottom {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 32px;
  padding: 16px 0 26px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.footer-legal {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px 18px;
}

.footer-legal a {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.footer-legal a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.footer-note {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.footer-note a {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.footer-issn {
  flex: none;
  max-width: 260px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  text-align: right;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Document pages: head, tabs, two-column body
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.breadcrumbs {
  margin: 22px 0 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.breadcrumbs a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.breadcrumbs .sep {
  margin: 0 6px;
  color: var(--rule-dark);
}

.breadcrumbs [aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.doc-head {
  padding-bottom: 4px;
}

.doc-head h1 {
  max-width: 880px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3.1vw, 36px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.24;
}

.doc-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.doc-meta span {
  display: inline-block;
}

.doc-meta span + span::before {
  content: "\00B7";
  margin: 0 9px;
  color: var(--rule-dark);
}

.doc-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 26px;
  margin-top: 18px;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.doc-actions a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

/* Section tabs with a single underline indicator.
   .on-this-page is the hook used by the in-page scrollspy in main.js. */
.doc-tabs {
  display: flex;
  gap: 28px;
  margin-top: 22px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  overflow-x: auto;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
}

.doc-tabs a {
  position: relative;
  flex: none;
  padding: 0 0 11px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.doc-tabs a::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: transparent;
}

.doc-tabs a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.doc-tabs a:hover::after {
  background: var(--rule-dark);
}

.doc-tabs a.is-active {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.doc-tabs a.is-active::after {
  background: var(--accent);
}

.doc-body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 284px;
  gap: 68px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 34px 0 76px;
}

.doc-main {
  min-width: 0;
}

.doc-main > p {
  max-width: 74ch;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.doc-abstract {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 17.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.doc-main section {
  scroll-margin-top: 84px;
}

.doc-main section + section {
  margin-top: 34px;
  padding-top: 30px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.doc-aside {
  position: sticky;
  top: 84px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.aside-cover {
  margin: 0 0 26px;
}

.aside-cover a {
  display: block;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.aside-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.aside-cover figcaption {
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.aside-block {
  margin-top: 26px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.aside-block:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  border-top: 0;
}

.aside-block h2 {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.aside-text {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.aside-block .link-arrow {
  font-size: 13.5px;
}

.fact-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.fact-list li {
  padding: 8px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ededed;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.fact-list li:first-child {
  border-top: 1px solid #ededed;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Prose inside document pages
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.about-body h2 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.about-body h3 {
  margin: 26px 0 8px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.about-body p {
  max-width: 74ch;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.about-body .lede {
  max-width: 74ch;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 17.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.about-body p.doc-abstract {
  max-width: 74ch;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 17.5px;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.about-body a {
  color: var(--blue);
}

.about-body code {
  padding: 0 2px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.scope-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 8px 40px;
  margin: 18px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.scope-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 15px;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.scope-list li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 9px;
  left: 0;
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
}

.oa-panel {
  margin: 22px 0 0;
  padding: 18px 22px 20px;
  background: var(--band);
}

.oa-panel h3 {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.oa-panel p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

/* Tables: dark column rule, quiet rows. */
.metrics-table,
.results-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 20px 0 12px;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.metrics-table th,
.metrics-table td,
.results-table th,
.results-table td {
  padding: 11px 14px 11px 0;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.metrics-table thead th,
.results-table thead th {
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink-2);
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.metrics-table tbody td,
.results-table tbody th,
.results-table tbody td {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  color: var(--body);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.metrics-table tbody tr:hover,
.results-table tbody tr:hover {
  background: var(--band-soft);
}

.metrics-table td:first-child {
  color: var(--ink-2);
}

.metrics-table thead th:last-child {
  text-align: right;
}

.metrics-table td:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-align: right;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.results-table thead th:last-child {
  text-align: right;
}

.results-table td.res-status {
  padding-right: 0;
  text-align: right;
}

.metrics-table td:last-child small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.results-table th[scope="row"] {
  display: table-cell;
  width: 74%;
}

.res-title {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.res-desc {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.res-status {
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 14px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.timeline {
  margin: 20px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.timeline li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 88px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 13px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.timeline li:first-child {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.timeline time {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.timeline p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.timeline strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* LaTeX guidance */
.latex-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 236px;
  gap: 36px;
  align-items: start;
  margin: 20px 0 8px;
}

.latex-layout > div > h3:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.latex-layout .row-actions {
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.latex-preview {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.latex-preview img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.latex-preview figcaption {
  margin-top: 9px;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Family catalog (root page)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.journal-index {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 40px;
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.journal-entry {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 20px 0 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.journal-entry__head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  min-height: 44px;
}

.journal-entry__mark {
  flex: none;
}

.journal-entry__mark img {
  width: auto;
  height: 36px;
}

.journal-entry__name {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.journal-entry__name a {
  color: var(--card-accent, var(--accent));
}

.journal-entry__name a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.journal-entry__zh {
  margin: 2px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.journal-entry__field {
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.journal-entry__meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.journal-entry__meta li + li::before {
  content: "\00B7";
  margin: 0 7px;
  color: var(--rule-dark);
}

.journal-entry__link {
  margin-top: 12px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Error page
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

.error-page {
  padding: 84px 0 96px;
}

.error-page h1 {
  max-width: 30ch;
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3.4vw, 36px);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.error-page__text {
  max-width: 640px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Responsive
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

@media (max-width: 1180px) {
  .browse__grid {
    grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr) 250px;
    gap: 40px;
  }

  .authors-grid {
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .doc-body {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 250px;
    gap: 48px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1020px) {
  .browse__grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px;
  }

  .browse-links {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    padding-bottom: 22px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .browse-links ul {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 6px 28px;
  }

  .browse-links li + li {
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .authors-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }

  .authors-col {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .cells-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0 36px;
  }

  .scope-cell {
    padding-bottom: 18px;
  }

  .journal-index {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .doc-body {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 40px;
  }

  .doc-aside {
    position: static;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 32px;
    align-items: start;
    padding-top: 26px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .aside-cover {
    margin: 0;
  }

  .aside-block {
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
    border-top: 0;
  }

  .band__split {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 26px;
  }

  .band__split .facts {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0 32px;
  }

  .band__split .facts > div {
    padding: 12px 0 0;
    border-top: 1px solid #dcdcdc;
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .band__split .facts > div:first-child {
    padding-top: 12px;
  }

  .footer-main {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, 1.4fr) repeat(3, minmax(140px, 0.9fr));
    gap: 32px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  :root {
    --pad: 20px;
  }

  .global-header__inner {
    min-height: 64px;
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .mast-name {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .mast-sub-long {
    display: none;
  }

  .global-submit {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-inner {
    min-height: 50px;
    gap: 12px;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .nav-mobile-title {
    display: block;
    margin-right: auto;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13.5px;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  .nav-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
    order: 2;
  }

  .nav-tools {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-list {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    right: calc(var(--pad) * -1);
    left: calc(var(--pad) * -1);
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    padding: 6px var(--pad) 14px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    background: var(--paper);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  }

  .nav-open .nav-list {
    display: flex;
  }

  .nav-list > li {
    display: block;
  }

  .nav-link,
  .nav-menu-button {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 12px 0;
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .nav-link::after,
  .nav-menu-button::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-link,
  .nav-list > li.is-current > .nav-menu-button {
    color: var(--blue);
  }

  .nav-sub {
    position: static;
    display: none;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 0 0 6px 12px;
    border: 0;
    background: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
  }

  .has-menu.menu-open > .nav-sub,
  .has-menu.menu-open:hover > .nav-sub,
  .has-menu.menu-open:focus-within > .nav-sub {
    display: block;
  }

  .has-menu:hover > .nav-sub,
  .has-menu:focus-within > .nav-sub {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-sub a {
    padding: 8px 0;
    font-size: 13.5px;
  }

  .nav-sub a span {
    display: none;
  }

  .jhero {
    padding-top: 34px;
  }

  .jhero__title {
    font-size: 30px;
  }

  .jhero__lede {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .section {
    padding: 34px 0;
  }

  .section-bar__title,
  .band__title,
  .about-body h2 {
    font-size: 21px;
  }

  .browse__grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 30px;
  }

  .browse-issue {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 4px 22px;
    align-items: start;
    padding-top: 24px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .browse-issue__title {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .browse-issue__cover {
    grid-row: span 4;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .browse-issue .eyebrow,
  .browse-issue__name,
  .browse-issue__meta,
  .browse-issue__status,
  .browse-issue__themes,
  .browse-issue__more {
    grid-column: 2;
  }

  .browse-issue__themes {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 2px 16px;
  }

  .authors-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .news-item {
    grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .cta__inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 22px;
  }

  .footer-main {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 30px;
    padding: 32px 0 26px;
  }

  .footer-brand {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .doc-head h1 {
    font-size: 27px;
  }

  .doc-body {
    padding-bottom: 56px;
  }

  .doc-aside {
    grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .doc-aside .aside-block:last-child {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .latex-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .latex-preview {
    max-width: 240px;
  }

  .facts--3,
  .band__split .facts {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .jhero__title {
    font-size: 26px;
  }

  .mast-logo {
    height: 28px;
  }

  .mast-name {
    font-size: 16.5px;
  }

  .cells-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0;
  }

  .scope-cell {
    padding: 14px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .scope-cell:first-child {
    border-top: 0;
  }

  .section-bar {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .news-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 4px;
  }

  .authors-grid {
    gap: 22px;
  }

  .panel,
  .list-panel {
    padding: 18px;
  }

  .facts--3,
  .band__split .facts {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .facts--3 > div {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .facts--3 > div:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .band {
    padding: 30px 0;
  }

  .cta {
    padding: 30px 0;
  }

  .cta__actions .btn {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .cta__actions {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .journal-index {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .doc-tabs {
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .doc-tabs a {
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .doc-aside {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .aside-cover {
    max-width: 150px;
  }

  .scope-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 7px;
  }

  .metrics-table th,
  .metrics-table td,
  .results-table th,
  .results-table td {
    padding-right: 8px;
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .metrics-table thead th,
  .results-table thead th {
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  .timeline li {
    grid-template-columns: 66px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 14px;
  }

  .footer-main {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .footer-bottom {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .footer-issn {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .oa-panel {
    padding: 16px 18px;
  }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Motion and print
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
}

@media print {
  @page {
    margin: 18mm 17mm 20mm;
  }

  body {
    color: #000;
    font-size: 10.5pt;
  }

  .global-header,
  .site-nav,
  .jhero,
  .browse-issue,
  .band,
  .cta,
  .site-footer,
  .doc-aside,
  .doc-tabs,
  .skip-link,
  .breadcrumbs {
    display: none !important;
  }

  .doc-head h1 {
    color: #000;
    font-size: 22pt;
  }

  .doc-body {
    display: block;
    padding: 12pt 0 0;
  }

  .doc-main section + section {
    border-top: 0.5pt solid #999;
  }

  a {
    color: #000;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
}